Ububiko si ahantu ho kubika ibintu gusa. Uko ibintu bishirwa ahantu, bishikwako, bijanwa, bigasubirwamwo biragira ico bikoze ata guca ku ruhande ku bijanye n’ukuri kw’ibintu, ku bijanye n’ugukora neza kw’abakozi, ku bushobozi bwo kubika ibintu be no ku gushitsa amategeko.
Ku bibanza vy’ugukwiragiza n’ibikorwa vy’ubuhinga bwa none,Ububiko bw'inganda n'uburyo bwo kubikagutanga umushinge w’umubiri wo gucunga neza ivy’ububiko. Uburyo buteguwe neza-bukora ibirenze gufata amapaleti canke ibikoresho. Iragena ingene ibintu bishobora kubikwa, ingene ibintu bishobora gutorwa ningoga, ingene ibikoresho vyo gukoresha ibikoresho bica muri iyo nyubakwa be n’ingene ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha bushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo bworoshe.
Umuti ubereye uvana n’ingene ububiko buteye, ibiranga ibintu, uburemere bw’ububiko, uguhinduka kw’ibintu, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha, n’imigambi y’ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha muri kazoza. Ubutunzi bwegera ububiko bw’ibintu nk’umugambi w’ivy’ubuhinga, uhuzaububiko, ububiko bwikora, gutoragura ububiko, gutwara, ububiko bwa robo, n'uburyo bwo gucunga ububikokugira ngo haboneke uruja n’uruza rw’ibintu rukora neza kuruta.
Ni ibihe bikoresho vyo gushiramwo no kubika ibintu mu bubiko bw’inganda?
Ububiko bw'ingandan’uburyo bwo kubika ni ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bikoreshwa mu gutunganya no kubika ibintu vy’amapaleti, mu masandugu, mu bikoresho canke mu bikoresho vyinshi. Udakunze ibitereko vy’ishimikiro vyo mu bubiko, ibitereko vy’inganda vyakozwe bishingiye ku bushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu, uburebure bw’ibitanda, ibisabwa mu nzira, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha, n’ingene ububiko bukora.
Uburyo busanzwe bwo gushiramwo amapaleti bugizwe n’ibipande bigororotse, imigozi iringaniye, ibifatanya, ibishigikira amapaleti canke amapaleti, n’ibikoresho vyo kubikingira. Ivyuma bihagaze bijana imizigo ihagaze hasi, mu gihe imigozi ishigikira amapaleti yabitswe. Ivyuma bicungera ibikoresho, ibikingira imirongo, ibifunguruzo vy’umutekano be n’ibindi bihimba birashobora gutuma iyo nyubakwa iguma ihagaze neza kandi igakingira iyo nzira mu gihe c’ibikorwa vy’ugutwara ibintu ku musi ku musi.
Ariko rero, igitereko ubwaco ni igice kimwe gusa c’umuti wuzuye wo kubika ibintu mu bubiko. Igishushanyo ciza kuruta ibindi vyose ni ukuzirikana ingene ibintu vyinjira mu bubiko, aho bibikwa, ingene bitorwa be n’ingene bishika aho biva hanze.
Ni gute ubuhinga bwo gushiramwo ibintu mu bubiko bukora?
Ingingo ngenderwako y’ugukora ishobora gutahurwa biciye mu ntambwe nyinshi zihuye.
Intambwe ya mbere ni ukumenya ivyo iyo sisitemu ikeneye kubika.
Ingano z’amapaleti, uburemere bw’amapaleti, ubwoko bw’ibikoresho, ubunini bw’ikarito, uguhinduka kw’ibicuruzwa, n’ugusangira umuzigo vyose biragira ico bikoze ku miterere y’ibikoresho. Ububiko bubika amapaleti agezweho bushobora gukoresha ibikoresho vyo gushiramwo amapaleti, mu gihe ibibanza bikoresha ibihimba bitobito bishobora gusabaububiko bw'ibikoresho, inyishu z’ugutemba kw’amakarito, canke uburyo bwo gutoragura mu bubiko.
Ibirango vy’umuzigo navyo nyene bigena ingero z’imirongo, ibisobanuro vy’uguhagarara, ibisabwa ku mfuruka, n’ubushobozi bwose bw’ibarabara.
Igihe ibisabwa vyo gutwara umuzigo bimaze gushingwa, umubumbe w’ibarabara urema ibibanza vy’ububiko vy’umwihariko.
Mu gitereko c’amapaleti gisanzwe, amabarabara agororotse atwara imizigo ihagaze mu gihe imigozi iringaniye ishigikira amapaleti. Ivyo bikoresho bica mu gipande c’imbere no mu bipande vy’ishimikiro bikaja hasi mu bubiko.
Ingano z’ibitanda zitegerezwa kubarwa aho gutorwa gusa hakurikijwe umwanya uriho. Uburebure bw'umugozi, uburebure bw'akadiri, ikibanza gihagaze, ukwikorera hasi, n'uburebure bw'igitanda vyose biragira ico bikoze ku bushobozi bwo gukoresha neza.
Ku bikorwa vy'uburemere bwinshi- canke vy'ubuhinga, ukuri kw'ingero kurarushiriza kuba ikintu gihambaye kubera ko ibikoresho vyo kubika, ibikoresho bitwara, ibikoresho bitwara abantu, n'imirongo y'amaroboti bitegerezwa gukora mu gihe c'ukwihangana kwategekanijwe.
Uburemere bw’ububiko buhora bufitaniye isano n’ugushikira.
Igishushanyo c’ibikoresho vy’amapaleti gitoranywa kiratanga uburyo bwo gushika ku bibanza vy’amapaleti vy’umuntu ku giti ciwe ariko bisaba inzira nyinshi zo gukoresha. Uburyo bw'uburemere burengeye-bugabanya umubare w'imirongo kandi bukongera ubushobozi bwo kubika, ariko ibibanza bimwe bimwe vy'ububiko bishobora kuba bifise uburenganzira bwo gushikamwo.
Ivyo bituma habaho uburinganire buhambaye hagati y’Uburemere bw'ububiko n'uguhitamwo amapaleti.
Ku bubiko bufise SKU nyinshi n’uguhindura amategeko kenshi, gushika ku mapaleti ataco bimaze bishobora kuba vyiza kuruta uburemere bwinshi. Ku bibanza bibika ibintu vyinshi vy'ikintu kimwe, uburyo bwo kubika ibintu mu bubiko bufise uburemere bwinshi-bushobora gutuma hakoreshwa neza umwanya.
Uburyo bwo gushiramwo ibintu ntibushobora guhingurwa ataco buvuze ku bikoresho bikoreshwa mu kubukoresha.
Ingano z'ivyo guterura, umurongo wo guhindukira, uburebure bwo guterura, ubushobozi bwo kwikorera, n'ibisabwa mu nzira biragira ico bikoze ku mibumbe y'ububiko. Ivyuma vy’ibikamyo, ibikoresho vy’ugutwara ibintu, ibikoresho vya VNA, AGVs, na AMRs bishobora gusaba ko bikoreshwa mu buryo butandukanye.
Nk'akarorero, ububiko bw'inzira ndende-bushobora kwongera umwanya wo kubika, ariko ibikoresho vyo gukoresha bitegerezwa kuba bishobora gukora neza mu bwaguke bw'inzira bugabanutse.
Ni co gituma abahinga bo gutegura ububiko biyumvira .Racking n'ibikoresho vyo gukoresha nk'uburyo bumwe, aho kubifata nk’ibintu baguze bitandukanye.
Ubwoko busanzwe bw'ububiko bw'inganda
Ibikorwa bitandukanye vy'ububiko bisaba ubuhinga butandukanye bwo kubika.
Guhitamwo amapaleti bitanga uburyo bwo gushika ku mapaleti ku giti cawe. Ni vyiza ku bubiko bufise ubwoko bwinshi bw’ama SKU, gukunda guhindura ibintu, no guhindura ibisabwa vyo kubika.
Uko ishobora guhinduka bituma iba imwe mu zikoreshwa cane .ububiko bw'inganda, canecane ku bibanza vyo gukwiragiza ibintu be n’ububiko bw’ibikoresho.
Drive-mu bibanza vy'ibitabo mu bibanza vy'ububiko, bituma amaforklift yinjira mu bibanza vy'ibitabo. Mu kugabanya igitigiri c’inzira zo gushikamwo, birashobora gutanga ububiko bwinshi cane kuruta ububiko busanzwe bwo guhitamwo.
Muri rusangi birabereye cane ku bibanza bibika ibintu vyinshi bisa n’ivyo aho ku bibanza vy’ububiko bisaba ko umuntu ashobora gushika kenshi ku mapaleti y’umuntu ku giti ciwe.
Gusunika-inyuma gukoresha inzira canke amagare kugira ngo ushire amapaleti mu nzira zikomeye zo kubika. Iyo hashizweko ipaleti nshasha, ipaleti zisanzwe zisubira inyuma. Iyo paleti y’imbere ikuweho, paleti ikurikira iragenda yerekeza ku kibanza co gutoragura.
Iyi ntunganyo itanga ugusenyera ku mugozi umwe hagati y'uburemere bw'ububiko n'ubushobozi bwo kuronka ububiko bw'ibiharuro.
Uburyo bwo gukoresha amapaleti bukoresha uburemere bw’isi canke ibikoresho bigenzurwa kugira ngo amapaleti ave ku ruhande rwo gutwara ibintu aja ku ruhande rwo gutoragura. Iyi ntunganyo ishigikira uguhinduranya kw'ibintu kandi ishobora kuba ngirakamaro cane aho gukoresha FIFO ari ngirakamaro.
Akenshi rifatwa mu vyo kurya, ivyo kunywa, imiti, n’ibindi bikorwa aho urutonde rw’ibintu n’uguhinduka kw’ibintu bikeneye gucungirwa neza.
Si ububiko bwose busaba ububiko bw'urugero rwa pallet-. Ibice bitobito, ibice vy'inyuma, ibikoresho, n'ibikoresho vyo gutoragura bishobora kubikwa mu bikoresho canke mu bikoresho.
Ububiko bw'ibikoresho n'ububiko bwo hejurubirashobora gukoresha neza ikibanza gihagaze mu gihe bigumya ibintu bitobito bishikira ababikoresha.
Ni gute ubuhinga bwo kubika ibintu bukora?
Uko ububiko bwiyongera, ububiko bwa kera bushobora kutatanga ubushobozi buhagije canke ukuboneka kw'ububiko. Uburyo bwo kubika ibintu bwikoresha burazana ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga n’amaporogarama mu bijanye no kubika ibintu.
Uburyo bukorana n'ibikoresho bisanzwe bifatanya n'ibikoresho nk'ibikoresho bikoreshwa n'amapaleti. Ico gikoresho co guterura ibintu gishira iyo paleti ku bwinjiriro bw’ibarabara, mu gihe iyo shuttle itwara umuzigo gushika kure cane mu nzira y’ububiko.
Ivyo bigabanya ingendo y’ibikoresho vy’ugutwara ibintu imbere mu bibanza vy’ububiko vyinshi kandi birashobora gutuma habaho ugukingira neza n’ugukingira ibikoresho.
AnUbuhinga bwo kubika no kugarura (AS/RS)ikoresha ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none kugira ngo ishiremwo no kugarura urutonde rw’ibintu hakurikijwe amabwirizwa yategekanijwe imbere y’igihe. Bivanye n’ivyo umuntu akoresha, iyo porogarama yoshobora gukoresha ibikoresho biteranya ibintu, ubuhinga bwo gutwara ibintu, ibikoresho bitwara ibintu canke ibikoresho vy’amarobo.
Inyungu nyamukuru ni uko ububiko n'ugukuraho bihinduka ibikorwa bigenzurwa na sisitemu-aho kuba ibikorwa vyose bishingiye ku mukoresha-.
AS/RS ishobora gushirwa hamwe na porogarama yo gucunga ububiko kugira ngo aho ibintu biri, uko bigenda, ivyo kwuzuza, n’ivyo gusaba bisabwa bihuzwe mu buryo bwa digitale.
Amabutike yo muri iki gihe arashobora gufatanya ibikoresho vyo kubikamwo ibintu n’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga bwa none (AGVs), AMRs, ibikoresho vyo gutwara ibintu, ibikoresho vyo gutoranya ibintu be n’ibikoresho vy’ugutoragura ibintu vy’ubuhinga bwa none.
Aho kubona igitereko nk’ikintu kiri ukwaco, ububiko buca buba uburyo bwo gutwara ibintu bufatanye:
Kwakira → Kubika → Kuzuza → Gutoragura → Gutoranya → Gupakira → Kurungika
Ubwo buryo buhuriweko burashobora kugabanya ingendo zidakenewe, gutuma ibintu bigaragara neza, no gushigikira ibiharuro vyinshi vy’urutonde.
Ni gute wohitamwo uburyo bwo gushiramwo ibintu mu bubiko bw’inganda?
Guhitamwo uburyo bwo kubika bikwiye gutangura n’igikorwa aho gutangura n’urutonde rw’ibikoresho.
Suzuma ubwinshi bwa SKU, ingano za paleti, uburemere bw'umuzigo, igipimo c'uguhindura, ibisabwa mu bice, n'igihe co kubika.
Ibintu vyihuta-bishobora gusaba ibibanza vy'ububiko bishobora gushikwako cane, mu gihe ububiko bugenda buhoro-bushobora kenshi gushirwa mu bibanza vy'uburemere bwinshi-.
Pima uburebure bw’igorofa, uburebure bugaragara, inkingi, inzugi, ahantu ho gushiramwo ibintu, uburyo bwo gutera amazi, n’ingene hasi imeze.
Ikibanza gihagaze gishobora gutanga ubushobozi bwongereweko, ariko uburebure bw’ibarabara butegerezwa kuguma buhuye n’ingene inyubakwa imeze, ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu akingire umuriro, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha, be n’umutekano wo gukoresha.
Umuti w’ububiko ntukwiye gutorera umuti ingorane y’ububiko y’ubu gusa.
Nimba umubare w’amategeko, igitigiri ca SKU, canke ibisabwa vyo kwikoresha vyitezwe ko vyongerekana, uburyo bwo gutegura bwa mbere bukwiye gusiga umwanya w’ibindi bikoresho vyo gushiramwo ibintu, ibikoresho vyo gutwara ibintu, amaroboti canke ibikoresho vyo kubika ibintu vyikoresha.
Ububiko bw’ibintu ni uruhande rumwe gusa rw’ubushobozi bw’ububiko.
Ubutunzi bufatanya ibikoresho vyo kubika mu bubiko n’ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibintu mu buryo bwa digitale, harimwoUburyo bwo gucunga ububiko (WMS), Uburyo bwo kugenzura ububiko, ububiko bwikora, inyishu za AGV, gutoranya mu buryo bw’ubwenge, no kubona amakuru. Ubu buryo buhuriweko burafasha guhuza amakuru y’ububiko n’ibikorwa vy’ububiko nyavyo.
Kubera iki uhisemwoUbutunziku bijanye n’Imirongo y’Ububiko bw’Ibikoresho?
Ubutunzi bushizwe ahantu nk’umutanga umuti w’ububiko n’ubuhinga bw’ubwenge aho kuba gusa umutanga ibikoresho vyo mu bubiko.
Yashinzwe mu 2008, Riches itanga ubushobozi buhuriweko bujanye n’ugucungera ububiko, guhingura ububiko bwikora, AGV, gutoranya mu buryo bw’ubwenge, kubona amakuru, gushiramwo ububiko, ibikoresho vyo kubika, gutoragura, gutwara, no gukoresha ubuhinga bwikora.
Ubwo bushobozi bwagutse burahambaye igihe umugambi usaba ibirenze ugugura ibikoresho vyo gushiramwo amapaleti.
Ubutunzi burashobora gusuzuma isano hagati y’imiterere y'ububiko, ubushobozi bwo kubika, kwimurira ibiharuro, uburyo bwo gutoragura, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha, n'ibisabwa vyo kwikoreshaimbere yo gutanga impanuro y’umuti.
Ku bahinga, amashirahamwe y’ubudandaji bw’ubuhinga bwa none, ubucuruzi bwa FMCG, n’ibikorwa vyo gukwiragiza, ubu buryo buratuma bishoboka gutegura uburyo bwo kubika ibintu bishingiye ku bisabwa vy’ukuri aho gushiramwo ibikorwa mu buryo busanzwe.
Twandikire kugira ngo ubone igiciro
Ibibazo bikunze kwibazwa
Ivyuma vyo mu bubiko muri rusangi bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu biremerera cane be n’ibintu bishirwa ku mapaleti bifatwa n’ibikoresho bitwara ibintu canke ibindi bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gutwara ibintu. Ububiko busanzwe bugenewe ibicuruzwa vyoroshe bitorwa n'amaboko.
Tangana n’ingero z’amapaleti, uburemere bw’umuzigo, ubwinshi bwa SKU, igipimo c’uguhindura, uburemere bw’ububiko busabwa, uburebure bw’ububiko buriho, ibisabwa mu nzira, n’ibikoresho vyo gukoresha. Ivyo bimenyetso bigena nimba guhitamwo, gutwara-mu, gusunika-inyuma, gutemba kw'amapaleti, canke ubundi buryo ari bwo bubereye.
Egome. Ivyuma bifata amapaleti birashobora kuba igice c’ububiko bwikoresha iyo bigenewe neza ibikoresho bitwara ibintu, ibikoresho bitwara amapaleti, ibikoresho bitera amapaleti, AGV, AMR, canke AS/RS. Ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha bikwiye kurimburwa imbere y’uko urutonde rw’ibikoresho vyo gushiramwo ibintu ruhera.
Oya, uburemere bwinshi burashobora kugabanya igitigiri c’ibibanza vy’amapaleti bishobora gushikwako. Ububiko bufise SKU nyinshi n'ugutoragura kenshi bushobora kwungukira cane ku kuronka kuruta uburemere bwinshi, mu gihe ibikorwa vyo kubika vyinshi-bishobora gushiramwo imbere gukoresha umwanya.
Amakuru ngirakamaro arimwo ingero z’ububiko, uburebure butomoye, ibisobanuro vy’ibikoresho canke ivy’ibikoresho, umuzigo mwinshi, umubare wa SKU, umubare w’ibintu binjira n’ibisohoka ku musi, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha ubu, n’ibisabwa kugira ngo umuntu akoreshe ubuhinga bwikora. Igishushanyo c’ububiko canke igishushanyo birashobora kurushiriza gutuma iciyumviro kigira ukuri.
Egome. Ubutunzi buratanga ubushobozi bwo gucungera ububiko n’ubuhinga bwo gutwara ibintu bushingiye ku gushiramwo ububiko, ububiko bwikora, AS/RS, gutoragura ububiko, AGV, ubuhinga bwo gukoresha amaroboti mu bubiko, gutwara, n’uburyo bwo gucunga ububiko. Ivyo bituma abakiriya bashobora gutegura umuti wuzuye w’ububiko aho gushaka igice cose ukwaco.
Iciyumviro
Ububiko bw’inganda n’uburyo bwo kubika ni vyo bifasha mu gucunga neza ibintu, ariko ubushobozi bwavyo buvana n’ibindi vyinshi kuruta imiterere y’ivyuma n’ubushobozi bwo kubika.
Umuti mwiza cane ni uguhuzauburemere bw'ububiko, uburyo bwo kuronka amapaleti, uburyo ububiko buteye, ibikoresho vyo gukoresha ibikoresho, uguhinduka kw'ibiharuro, ibisabwa mu gutoragura, n'ukwikoreramu nzira imwe yo gukoresha.
Ku masosiyete ategura ububiko bushasha canke guhindura ikibanza cariho, ikintu ciza co gutangura si ukubaza gusa ko ari ikihe gitereko gifise ubushobozi bwinshi kuruta ibindi vyose. Ni ugutahura ingene ibintu bica mu bubiko hanyuma ugahitamwo ubuhinga bwo kubika, gukoresha no gukoresha ubuhinga bwo kwikoresha bufasha iyo nzira y’ibikorwa.
N’ubumenyi mu bijanye n’ububiko bw’ubwenge, gushiramwo ububiko, ububiko bwikoresha, WMS, AGV, gutoragura, n’ugutorera umuti ibibazo vy’ubuhinga,Ubutunzi burafasha ubucuruzi kuva ku bikoresho vyo kubika umuntu ku giti ciwe bukaja ku bubiko bushitse kandi bushobora guhindurwa.
